Requests best Practice — различия между версиями

Текущая версия на 00:52, 18 июля 2025

Best practices for using the Python requests library involve optimizing performance, ensuring reliability, and handling various scenarios effectively.

1. Use Sessions for Persistent Connections:
   For multiple requests to the same host, use a ‎‎requests.Session() object to reuse TCP connections, improving performance and reducing overhead.
2. Set Timeouts:
   Always specify a timeout parameter in your requests to prevent indefinite hanging in case of slow or unresponsive servers. Handle requests.exceptions.Timeout appropriately.
3. Handle Exceptions:
   Implement robust error handling for potential issues like network errors (requests.exceptions.ConnectionError), timeouts, or invalid responses.
4. Check Status Codes:
   After a request, inspect response.status_code to verify the success or failure of the operation (e.g., 200 for OK, 404 for Not Found).
5. Process Responses Safely:
   Use response.json() for JSON responses and response.raise_for_status() to automatically raise an exception for unsuccessful status codes (4xx or 5xx).
6. Manage Headers and Authentication:
   Include necessary headers (e.g., User-Agent, Content-Type) and handle authentication methods (Basic Auth, OAuth) as required by the API.
7. Stream Large Responses:
   For large files or data streams, use stream=True and iterate over response.iter_content() to process data incrementally, avoiding memory overload.
8. Implement Retry Logic:
   For transient errors, consider implementing retry mechanisms with libraries like tenacity to automatically reattempt failed requests with exponential backoff.
9. Verify SSL Certificates:
   Ensure verify=True (the default) to validate SSL certificates, preventing man-in-the-middle attacks. Provide a path to a custom CA bundle if needed.
10. Manage Cookies:
    When dealing with stateful interactions, understand how requests handles cookies and manage them within sessions if necessary.

• https://www.y42.com/blog/python-requests-best-practices-for-data-engineers
• https://realpython.com/python-requests/
• https://requests.readthedocs.io/en/latest/user/advanced/
• https://github.com/tuxcell/Python-requests-with-decorator